CH 24 Key Terms and People Essays - Military, Government

CH 24 Key Terms and People Fascism- A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition National Socialist Party- (Nazi Party) was a far-right, racist political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945. Rome-Berlin Axis- the alliance between Italy and Germany (Mussolini and Hitler) Neutrality Act of 1935- European democracies might buy American war materials on a "cash-and-carry basis"; improved American moral and economic position Popular Front- A government of all left-wing parties that took power in France in 1936 to enact social and economic reforms. Munich Conference- 1938 conference at which European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by turning over the Sudetenland to him in exchange for promise that Germany would not expand Germany's territory any further. Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies- Favored aiding allies America First Committee- A committee organized by isolationists before WWII, who wished to spare American lives. They wanted to protect America before we went to war in another country. Charles A. Lindbergh (the aviator) was its most effective speaker. Four Freedoms- Freedom of Speech, Religion, Want, from Fear; used by FDR to justify a loan for Britain, if the loan was made, the protection of these freedoms would be ensured Lend-Lease Act- 1941 law that authorized the president to aid any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security Atlantic Charter- 1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII and to work for peace after the war Pearl Harbor- caused US to join the war. resulted from tension that Japan wanted more land, while US banned sale of weapons to Japan War Powers Act- Act that grants emergency executive powers to president to run war effort Revenue Act- 1935 - Increased income taxes on higher incomes and also increased inheritance, and capital gains taxes. Code Talkers- Navajo Indians recruited by the U.S. Marine Corps to transmit messages in the Navajo language Executive Order 8802- Also known as the Fair Labor Standards Act, this banned discrimination in the war industries. Servicemen's Readjustment Act- Signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 22, 1944, this act, also known as the GI Bill, provided veterans of the Second World War funds for college education, unemployment insurance, and housing. Zoot Suits- clothing worn by teenagers and considered to be unpatriotic Executive Order 9066- 112,000 Japanese-Americans forced into camps causing loss of homes businesses, 600K more renounced citizenship; demonstrated fear of Japanese invasion D-Day- (FDR), June 6, 1944, 160,000 Allied troops landed along a 50-mile stretch of heavily-fortified French coastline to fight Nazi Germany on the beaches of Normandy, France. General Dwight D. Eisenhower called the operation a crusade in which "we will accept nothing less than full victory." More than 5,000 Ships and 13,000 aircraft supported the D-Day invasion, and by day's end on June 6, the Allies gained a foot- hold in Normandy. Holocaust- A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled. Manhattan Project- U.S. nuclear weapons project. Benito Mussolini- Fascist Dictator of Italy that at first used bullying to gain power, then never had full power. Adolf Hitler- German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945) Hideki Tojo- Prime minister of Japan during World War II Charles A. Lindbergh- Made the first nonstop solo flight across the Atlantic Winston Churchill- British Prime Minister Harry S. Truman- Became president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb Gordon Hirabayashi- a Japanese-American, he refused to accept being put in an internment camp during WWII and petitioned the Supreme Court in Hirabayashi v. The United States (1943) Dwight D. Eisenhower- American General who began in North Africa and became the Commander of Allied forces in Europe.